Political and Social Impacts of Economic Challenges on Jordan in the Period (1999-2024)

Abstract

The study aims to explore the political and social impacts of economic challenges in Jordan and analyze the internal and external factors that influenced the country's economy. The study also addresses the exacerbation of the economic crisis and its political effects due to the economic and social conditions in Jordan, in addition to analyzing the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 crisis. In order to answer the study questions about the political and social repercussions of the economic challenges on Jordan, the study follows mixed-method methodologies such as the descriptive analytical method, which is based on the induction methodology of literature and texts and which focuses on describing the data related to the phenomenon under study, in order to identify the reasons for the occurrence of the research problem and present it critically, to obtain results supported by reliable logical explanations. Among the study's most significant findings is that unemployment and rising poverty rates are notable social impacts of economic crises. The study also found that the increased influx of Syrian and Iraqi refugees due to economic and political conditions has placed pressure on Jordan's economic and social resources. It concluded that economic crises exacerbate political tensions within Jordan and that regional influences have led to economic challenges in Jordan, complicating regional relations, particularly given the current circumstances in the region. The study proposed several important recommendations: offering urgent and direct assistance to the agricultural and livestock sectors, bolstering the local industrial sector to foster self-reliance and boost revenues. It also advised creating a national fund to aid struggling institutions in lessening the COVID-19 crisis's economic impact and enhancing economic stability. Furthermore, the study advocated streamlining business licensing processes, lowering energy costs for active economic sectors, and providing tax exemptions across all sectors to mitigate the effects of the economic crisis.