Analytical Vision for Designing a Wastewater Treatment System Based on Reverse Osmosis and Renewable Energy

Abstract

With the world population growth and industrialisation, water and energy challenges are increasing worldwide, including in resource-limited regions. This research presents an analytical vision for an integrated wastewater treatment system using reverse osmosis (RO) and renewable energy. The system vision is designed to be applicable within the climatic conditions of Karak Governorate, Jordan. Computational analysis shows that treating one cubic meter of wastewater requires 5.2 kilowatt-hours, supplied by three solar panels (400-watt) and a specialized low-wind turbine, with an 8-10 kWh battery storage for continuous operation. The energy required to operate this system can be provided by a hybrid of solar and wind energy, which is locally available during the summer, ensuring sustainable, renewable energy. To stabilise production during fluctuations in energy availability, it is recommended to integrate the system with an energy storage unit. This integrated approach supports sustainable water and energy use for agricultural, domestic, and community development projects through wastewater treatment and reuse.