Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS)
Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS) (ISSN 1021-6804) ( On line ISSN: 3006-8665) Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS) is an international, interdisciplinary, bilingual, double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access academic journal. MJHSS is published regularly by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Mutah University. It publishes four issues per one volume every year, and each issue consists of 10 articles. It is supervised by an editorial board and an international advisory board that have specialized scholars in different fields of humanities and social sciences. MJHSS publishes original articles in Arabic and English that contribute to promoting knowledge in all disciplines of humanities and social sciences. All submitted manuscripts are subject to strict criteria that include technical editing and peer reviewing by two reviewers to assure research originality and validity. MJHSS has enjoyed a leading reputation locally and regionally over the past three decades. It has become an accredited journal for the purpose of promotion of researchers and academicians in all public and private universities, in Jordan in particular and in the Arab World in general. This explains the large number of submitted papers to the journal from various local and regional universities and institutions. To ensure the quality and orginality of the research published in the journal, MJHSS follows strict criteria and procedures that guarantee the quality and the integrity of the research accepted for publication.
Publisher Mutah University Deanship of Academic Research (DAR)
Assessing the Accuracy of Outcome-Based Assessment Decisions Using the Two-Parameter IRT Model (2PL): An Applied Framework for Concentrating Test Information at Critical Cut Scores
This study aimed to examine the precision of assessment decisions in an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) context by calibrating a 40-item True/False test designed to measure five specific learning outcomes using the 2PL-IRT model. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a census sample of 275 students at a private university in Jordan. The selection of the 2PL model was intended to ensure stable parameter estimation given the sample size, with a focus on the parameters of discrimination (a) and difficulty (b). The results indicated that the items had discrimination indices ranging from 1.18 to 2.10 and difficulty parameters from -1.10 to 1.60, reflecting their effectiveness in differentiating students with varying ability levels. However, the TIF function revealed that maximum measurement precision was centered at the average ability level (θ ≈ 0), rather than at the cut score required in OBE contexts. Fit analyses showed that most items conformed to the model assumptions, although items q10, q20, and q24 displayed significant p-value deviations. The study concludes that traditional tests, despite possessing sound psychometric properties, may functionally fail to support critical “mastery” decisions and therefore recommends redesigning the item difficulty distribution to align with decision thresholds rather than with the mean ability level
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS)
Yemen under the Shadow of the Caliphate: Pro-Ottoman Historical Writing - Narratives of Power and Identity
This paper examines pro-Ottoman historical writing in Yemen during the 16th and 17th centuries. It analyzes key texts-such as al-Barq al-Yamānī by al-Nahrawālī, al-Futūḥāt al-Murādiyya by Ibn Dāʿir, and al-Iḥsān by al-Mawzaʿī-that portray the Ottoman Empire as a legitimate Islamic power and the Zaydi imams as rebels. These works function not only as chronicles, but also as ideological instruments that sought to reinforce Ottoman political legitimacy in the region. The study highlights the ways in which historical narratives were shaped by religious and political competition. It also finds that some texts, while overwhelmingly supportive, contain subtle critiques of the administration of the Ottoman state and the practices of some of its local governors. The study calls for a critical reading of these sources in order to understand their role in shaping historical memory and political authority in Ottoman Yemen
Wearing Trousers for Women: between the requirement of modesty during prayer and the Regulations Governing Appearance before Non-Mahram Men: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study
The research aims to clarify the ruling on a woman praying in pants and appearing in them before non-mahram men. Its importance lies in addressing an issue that generates much debate in society, ranging from those who are excessively strict to the point of declaring the prayer of a woman in pants invalid, and condemning all who wear pants as immoral, to those who permit the matter entirely without any restrictions; as well as those who misinterpret the statements of jurists and apply them to reality. To move away from these extremes, the ruling on the issue has been clarified through a foundational jurisprudential study based on the understanding of respected jurists, away from purely admonitory discourse. This research has shown that a woman's prayer in pants is valid, even if it restricts the 'awrah according to the consensus of the jurists of the schools of thought, provided that the skin does not show through it. Furthermore, a woman appearing in pants before non-mahram men is considered haram by the Hanafi and Maliki schools if it restricts the 'awrah in a way that leads to temptation, as they are akin to naked women; and it is deemed makruh by the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, emphasizing modesty in its linguistic sense and prioritizing the literal meaning over the metaphorical. It is understood from the hadith about "dressed yet naked" that it refers to those whose skin color or parts of it show, not those whose 'awrah is outlined; and there is no necessary connection between the differences in the 'awrah and its limits in prayer and outside of prayer and the covering. Likewise, there is no necessary connection between the covering that restricts the 'awrah and the gaze of foreign men upon it. It is prohibited for a non-mahram, and even for a mahram, to look at her if the gaze arouses lust. This is different from when skin color appears, which is prohibited for the woman in all cases, even if there is no one looking at her. Despite this disagreement, the view of those who declare it haram aligns with the objectives of Sharia due to the corruption of the times
An Assessment of the Process of Digital Transformation in the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation through the Over-the-Top (OTT) Digital Platform Project: A Field Study
This study aims to assess the experience of the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation in implementing the Over-the-Top (OTT) Digital Platform project. It focuses on the views of the staff involved in the project regarding the stages of implementation, training, the efficiency of the digital systems used, the work environment, the challenges encountered, and the level of coordination among departments. The study also evaluates the impact of the project on the development of the professional performance and examines the role of the partnership with Jordan Media City in strengthening the technical and organizational infrastructure. This study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data using an online questionnaire based on a five-point Likert Scale, in addition to semi-structured interviews. Data were collected during the period extending from May to August 2025. There were 27 participants, all of whom worked in the relevant sections; 70.4% were male and 29.6% were female. Moreover, (70.4%) of the sample held bachelor's degrees, and (66.7%) of them worked in the e-platform/digital and digital media (social media) section. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all areas exceeded 0.70, which indicates the validity and reliability of the measure used. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews data was also analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings indicated that the majority of participants expressed a positive evaluation of the digital platform project. Between 59.3% and 74.1% reported that the project was implemented in a clear and organized manner. Regarding technical support and training, between 63% and 77.8% reported receiving appropriate training that helped them perform their tasks, while 66.6% indicated a need for additional training on systems such as V-Mix and ER-Stream. Furthermore, 77.8% of participants reported that the use of digital systems such as CMS, VMS, and Catch-up helped organize work. The study concluded that the digital platform project at the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation was a successful and positive experience in terms of software and digital systems, the organization of the work environment, and the development of employees' technical and professional skills. However, significant challenges remain at both the technical and manpower levels. This necessitates the adoption of a comprehensive digital strategy to ensure the sustainability of the platform and to further develop services such as VOD, Smart TV, and Fast TV. Such efforts will help preserve Jordan's media heritage and enhance the corporation's presence in digital media.
The impact of Digital transformation on the Efficiency of Islamic Banks: The Moderating Role of Sharia quality in Jordanian Islamic Banks
This study aimed to analyze the impact of digital transformation in its various dimensions (digital strategy, technologies, digital customer loyalty, culture and organization, operations and services) on the performance efficiency of Jordanian Islamic banks, represented by dimensions (banking marketing efficiency, risk management efficiency, financial engineering efficiency), while testing the role of Sharia quality as a moderating variable in this relationship. The study was applied to a sample of 354 employees working in three Islamic banks: Jordan Islamic Bank, Arab Islamic International Bank, and Safwa Bank. The study used a descriptive analytical approach, and data was collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed a statistically significant impact of digital transformation in all its dimensions on the performance efficiency of Islamic banks. The interactive relationship also revealed the impact of Sharia quality as a moderating variable in some dimensions, using Bootstrap technology and structural equation modeling. The study recommended establishing a joint unit between financial innovation and Sharia compliance to develop flexible digital products that serve underserved groups, especially young people and entrepreneurs, while ensuring their Sharia compliance
Attitudes of Karak Education Directorate Teachers Towards the Use of Educational Electronic Games in Teaching
The aim of the research was to investigate the attitudes of teachers in the Karak Education Directorate towards the usage of electronic educational games in teaching in light of some variables. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method; a stratified random sample from the study population was selected, consisting of 255 male and female teachers. A 30-item scale was developed, and its psychometric properties were verified. The results showed that the general arithmetic mean of the study sample's estimates regarding teachers' attitudes toward the use of electronic games in teaching) 3.73(with a standard deviation of (0.489) indicating a high level of estimation. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) in the attitudes of Karak teachers towards the use of electronic educational games in teaching, attributed to variables: gender, specialization, and teaching experience, and their interactions. The research concluded that teachers' attitudes towards using electronic games in teaching are positive and high. The researcher recommended Enhancing the the necessity of providing the required technological infrastructure in classes Karak Governorate schools. This includes implementing standardized training programs for all teachers on designing and using educational e-games to transform this into a skill and a practical application
The Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment: A Comparative Applied Study on a Selected Sample of Arab Countries
This study aims to analyze the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment inflows in a sample of ten Arab countries over the period (2013–2021), considering differences across income levels. Panel data techniques were employed, and three econometric models were estimated: the first for all countries, the second for high-income countries, and the third for middle-income countries. The results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between corruption and indirect foreign investment across all models, supporting the "Sand-the-Wheel" hypothesis. The findings also showed that the impact of corruption was greater in high-income countries than in middle-income countries. The study highlights the importance of enhancing transparency and improving the investment climate in Arab countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS)
"Technological Determinants of Jordanian Public Universities’ Intention to Adopt E-Government: The Moderating Role of Awareness
E-government is given a lot of weight in the evolution of global information and governance systems. Notwithstanding Jordan’s persistent efforts to promote better public services through the use of e-government, the country’s citizen adoption rate is actually quite low. This emphasizes how critical it is to determine the obstacles keeping people from adopting these easily accessible e-services. The current study examines the relationship between technology factors (relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity) and intention to use e-government. Furthermore, the moderating effect of awareness is also examined. Data were collected from ten public universities in Jordan through a survey questionnaire, which was distributed to 400 lecturers and administrative staff using a stratified random sampling technique. A total of 379 valid responses were received, representing a response rate of approximately 94%. The Smart PLS tool was used to analyse the data. The results revealed that relative advantage and compatibility are strongly associated with intention to use e-government. Similarly, only one of the three indirect effect hypotheses was supported, indicating that awareness moderates the relationship between relative advantage, compatibility, and intention to use e-government. Accordingly, Jordanian public universities should invest in improving their technical infrastructure and maintaining robust cybersecurity to ensure safe and dependable e-government systems. Additionally, implementing targeted training and awareness campaigns will enhance digital literacy, encourage active user engagement, and reduce resistance to change
Between Sovereignty and Resistance: Administrative, Economic, and Educational Conditions in Al-Karak and Maʿan in 1880, with Ottoman Documents as the primary source
The Ottoman archive is a primary resource for the study of the Ottoman administration in the provinces of the empire, particularly in the regions of Al-Karak and Ma'an during the late nineteenth century. The significance of the Ottoman documents lies in their ability to provide detailed insights into the financial, administrative, and security policies adopted by the state, particularly in light of the challenges it confronted in asserting its authority over local tribes. The document under examination, dated to 1880, represents a valuable example for understanding the complex relationship between the Ottoman center and its provincial territories. The study discloses the ineffectiveness of specific reform policies in fostering stability and elucidates the security, economic, and social conditions prevalent in the Karak region. Furthermore, it emphasizes the strategic importance of Al-Karak's geographical location, highlighting its military, commercial, and administrative functions. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the political and administrative transformations in Al-Karak from its incorporation into the Ottoman Empire until the late period of Ottoman rule, emphasizing the continuous changes in its administrative affiliation within the Ottoman administrative structure.
A Proposed Educational Vision for Circassian Institutions in Jordan to Preserve Circassian Culture
The study aimed to propose an educational vision for Circassian institutions in Jordan with the goal of preserving Circassian culture. This vision was achieved by examining the role of Circassian institutions in preserving Circassian culture from the perspective of those in charge of these institutions. The study used a qualitative approach. Data of the study were collected through interviews with twenty-one individuals in charge of Circassian institutions in Jordan. The study period spanned the years of 2024-2025. The study revealed a set of interrelated issues leading to the preservation of Circassian culture, including preserving the Circassian language as an identity and heritage, transmitting and documenting Circassian customs and traditions to future generations, highlighting Circassian dress as a part of cultural identity, preserving Circassian music and dance, strengthening a sense of belonging to Circassian identity within Jordanian society, the future of Circassian culture and its influence on Jordanian culture, and preserving Circassian culture for future generations. In light of the study's findings, a proposed educational vision ws advanced to be presented to Circassian institutions in Jordan to help preserve Circassian culture. It is hoped that this proposal will be adopted and implemented.
The Role of Community Policing Communication Programs in Strengthening Social Bonds in Kuwait
This study investigates the role of community policing programs in strengthening social cohesion within the State of Kuwait by assessing their impact across four principal domains: building trust between the police and the community, promoting cooperation, fostering national and social belonging, and facilitating the amicable resolution of conflicts. The research sample comprised 403 participants, including Kuwaiti citizens and residents, representing diverse age groups and educational backgrounds. Data were collected through a meticulously designed electronic questionnaire developed in accordance with relevant theoretical frameworks and prior studies. The findings revealed high mean scores across all examined domains, with “enhancing belonging” ranking first, followed by “building trust,” “promoting cooperation,” and “conflict resolution.,” respectively. The analysis further identified awareness programs, community meetings, and open channels of communication as the most influential components in reinforcing social cohesion. The results underscored the pivotal interactive role of community policing in engaging citizens in the maintenance of public security and in cultivating a collective sense of safety and belonging. The study concludes by recommending the expansion of public awareness programs, the training of police personnel in community-based mediation, and the incorporation of community policing principles into national educational curricula.
Forms Forms of Digital Violence Resulting from Sports Fans’ Misuse of Social Media Platforms and their Negative Impacts
The study aimed to identify the most prevalent forms of digital violence practiced by fans and followers of sports teams on social media, their contribution to the escalation of violence, and the resulting consequences. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical approach using an electronic survey method to achieve its objectives and analyze the repercussions from the perspective of club presidents and members in the central and the southern regions of Jordan. This methodology was chosen due to its suitability for the nature and objectives of the study, as it allows for an accurate analysis of the phenomenon based on field data collected from the targeted sample. The study found that there are various forms of violence resulting from the use of social media by sports fans and followers. It was revealed that the most common form is verbal violence, followed by psychological violence, while physical violence was the least prevalent. The overall level of the resulting consequences was high, reflecting an awareness of the seriousness of violent behaviors, their various forms, and their diverse impacts. It was concluded that certain behaviors on social media lead to various forms of violence due to misuse, resulting in negative effects on individuals, which may escalate into conflicts and disputes
The Impact of Open Innovation on Firm Performance in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Mediating Role of Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Capabilities
This study aims to ascertain whether implementing open innovation as a crucial source of competitive advantage positively influences performance. Additionally, it seeks to verify whether companies’ utilization of big data analytics and artificial intelligence technologies positively moderates the relationship between open innovation and performance. This study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from a random final valid sample of 294 Jordanian companies operating in diverse industries. A simple and hierarchical regression was applied to verify the proposed hypotheses utilizing the SPSS V. 28 statistical program. The analysis suggests that open innovation execution positively impacts performance among sampled companies. Among the various technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, big data analysis does not have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the two variables. In contrast, the utilization of artificial intelligence technology has a positive moderating effect on this relationship. In other words, companies investing effort and resources into open innovation may not see performance improvements when simultaneously implementing big data analytics. Conversely, the simultaneous implementation of artificial intelligence technology alongside open innovation may lead to higher performance outcomes. These findings offer insights into the importance of strategic decisions regarding technology adoption for enhancing performance in the context of open innovation.
The Impact of Using the Strategies of Command Teaching and Cooperative Learning on Improving the Technical Performance of the Human Wheel and Forward Roll Skills from an Open Position in Gymnastics
This study aimed to identify the impact of using both the command teaching and cooperative learning strategies on improving the skills of Human Wheel and Forward Roll from an open position in gymnastics. The researcher adopted an empirical approach, and the study sample, which was selected intentionally, invoved (20) female students in the Faculty of Sports Science at Mutah university that enrolled in the course of Gymnastics (2) during the first semester of the academic year 2024/2025. The sample individuals were divided into two groups: the first experimental group (n=10), whose members were taught using the command teaching strategy, and the second experimental groups (n=10), whose members were taught using the cooperative learning strategy. The researcher used means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, skewness coefficient, and t-test. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests in the command teaching strategy and cooperative learning strategy in improving the skills of Human Wheel and Forward Roll from an open position in gymnastics in favor of post-tests. The results showed that there are differences in the post tests between the command teaching and cooperative learning strategies to the advantage of the command teaching strategy regarding improving the skills of Human Wheel and Forward Roll from an open position in gymnastics. In the light of the results, the researcher recommended enhancing the use of command teaching strategy as one of the effective teaching strategies for gymnastics. The researcher also recommended training and improving practical subjects for teachers and students on the use of different strategies in the learning process.
Community Youth Programs: A Strategy for Crime Prevention and Social Stability from the Perspective of Ministry of Youth Centers’ Employees
This study examines the role of localized youth initiatives in mitigating youth-related crimes and enhancing social stability within Al-Karak Governorate, Jordan- a context that remains underexplored in crime prevention literature. Employing a cross-sectional analytical design, we surveyed 99 Ministry of Youth employees via stratified random sampling to assess two dimensions: (1) the localization of initiatives (13 items; Cronbach’s α = 0.887) and (2) their perceived crime reduction impact (15 items; Cronbach’s α = 0.851), using five-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed via independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. Results indicated a strong agreement with both localization (M = 3.807, SD = 0.672) and crime reduction efficacy (M = 3.985, SD = 0.563). Significant disparities emerged by experience (F(3,95) = 3.549, p = 0.017, η² = 0.10) and education (F (3,95) = 3.675, p = 0.015, η² = 0.11), with regression models identifying experience (β = 0.32, p = 0.01) and bachelor’s level of education (β = 0.28, p = 0.03) as key predictors of perceived success. Gender and marital status showed no significant effects (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the value of demographically informed strategies in designing youth programs for crime prevention. However, self-reporting bias and the cross-sectional design limit causal inferences. Future research should employ longitudinal mixed-methods designs to isolate structural drivers of program efficacy and validate perceived impacts against empirical crime trends.
The Spatial Variation and Determinants of Age at First Marriage among Females in Riyadh City
The study aimed to identify the pattern of age at first marriage in Riyadh City, and to analyze its spatial variation along with its demographic, social, and economic determinants. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (496) married women. The data were analyzed using various statistical methods, including one-way ANOVA and T-tests. The study yielded several findings, most notably the high percentage of marriages occurring among females aged 18 to less than 25 years. The results further revealed that place of birth, family structure, education level, monthly income, and employment status had statistically significant effects on determining age at first marriage. Specifically, females from nuclear families and those with higher education tended to marry at later ages, whereas females with lower income levels were more likely to marry at younger ages. The results led to several recommendations, including conducting further research on changes in age at first marriage, particularly in light of the social and economic changes occurring in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, especially in Riyadh. Additionally, it recommends carrying out specialized surveys on the determinants of female age at first marriage in Saudi Arabia and examining their effects on social, economic, and health characteristics.
The Impact of Virtual Reality (VR) on Improving Customer Experience: A Case Study of the Religious Tourism Sector
This study aims to examine the impact of virtual reality (VR) technologies on enhancing customer experience in the religious tourism sector, though focusing on three main dimensions: the realism of the virtual environment, immersion in the virtual environment, and the sense of presence. The descriptive analytical approach was employed to collect and analyze data from a sample of 241 Generation Z individuals who are interested in religious tourism and have an experience using VR technologies. A questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used to measure the influence of VR on customer experience. The results showed that the three dimensions significantly contribute to improving the customer experience. Realism had the greatest impact on increasing customer engagement with religious sites, while immersion enhanced the emotional depth of the experience. The sense of presence played a vital role in creating a realistic feeling of being at the actual location. Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting the use of VR technologies in religious tourism and investing in their development, as well as offering training programs for professionals to improve service quality and increase visitor satisfaction and loyalty
Sufi Allusion Directions in Modern Arabic Poetry: An Interpretive Reading of Indicative Models
Objectives: This study aims to identify the directions of Sufi allusion in modern Arabic Poetry through uncovering its meanings, interpreting it, and elucidating its textual references; and it sheds light on eleven poets from both the Eastern and Western Arab worlds who have skillfully adopted these elements. Methods: The study employs semiotics of interpretation as a guiding method, which is suitable for addressing the suggestive nature of Sufi allusion and the unique figurative capacity of poetic texts to trace, interpret, and articulate the directions of these allusions. Results: The study concludes that the Sufi allusion, in its lexical and semantic structure, is broader and more precise than both of the Sufi symbol and terminology, encompassing them within itself. The allusion operates across four directions: it retains its mystical dimension in the first, adopts a political and social orientation in the second, explores existential themes with an erotic tone in the third, and takes on cultural and artistic aspects in the fourth. Conclusions: The study recommends that researchers should focus on examining the Sufi allusion through the lens of interpretive semiotics, leveraging its methodology to strengthen the connection between modern literature and Arab heritage, together with contemporary reading approaches.
The Determinants of Competitiveness of the Jordanian Banking Sector
This study aimed to analyze the determinants of competitiveness in Jordan’s banking sector and assess the impact of each force on domestic banking performance through enhancing Porter’s Five Forces model through the addition of a sixth force—the role of the Central Bank. Employing both descriptive and analytical methods, the study found that the traditional five forces do not present a significant threat to Jordanian banks, which have maintained their market share despite the entry of foreign competitors, largely due to customer loyalty and advanced banking services. The Central Bank was shown to play a supportive role in promoting competitiveness, justifying its inclusion as a critical additional force in the analytical model. The findings revealed a notable decline in banking concentration between 2008 and 2021, indicating a more competitive market environment. This improvement was reflected in Jordan’s rise in the 2024 Global Competitiveness Index. The study recommends implementing policies to reduce operational costs, reform banking regulations, enforce anti-trust laws, encourage innovation, and enhance banking service quality to boost competitiveness and attract foreign investment.
A Pilot Study into the Periphery Somatic perceptions of Literary Translation: Phenomenological Insights from Cognitive Translatology
Norman N. Holland's seminal work Literature and the Brain (2009) delves into how our cognitive processes influence our understanding of literature. Expanding upon this inquiry, this research explores the somatic perceptions of literary translators and their impact on the translation process and resultant text. Grounded in translation process research (henceforth TPR), we interviewed six literary translators from Jordan and analysed their responses thematically. The findings illuminate the significant role of translators' emotional and intuitive emotions in shaping thematic and narrative decisions, yielding a nuanced and subjective target text. Acknowledging the significance of somatic perceptions highlights the personalised nature of literary translation. This study contributes to TPR by advocating for a balanced consideration of individuality alongside the pursuit of generalizability. It also advocates for a contextualised approach in Translation Studies, emphasising the importance of situational realities. In the realm of TPR, our study aligns with cognitive translatology (another branch of TPR alongside computational translatology), emphasising the human element in translation over computational approaches.
Comprehensive Quality Standards in the Jordanian Soccer Association from the Perspective of the Boards of Directors of Professional Soccer Clubs
This study aimed to identify the comprehensive quality standards in the Jordanian Soccer Association from the perspective of the boards of directors of professional soccer clubs, and to identify the differences that pertain to the variables of educational level and years of experience. The descriptive approach was used, and the study sample consisted of (90) intentionally selected members. The questionnaire that was used as a data collection tool consisted of (34) items that covered four domains: quality planning, infrastructure, administrative strategies, and professional competencies. Arithmetic means, standard deviations, percentages, correlation coefficient and analysis of variance were used. The results of the study showed that the comprehensive quality standards in the Jordanian Soccer Association, from the perspective of the boards of directors of professional Soccer clubs, came at an average level. The topic of ‘infrastructure’ came in the first place; that of administrative strategies came in the second place; the quality planning came in the third place, and the professional competencies ranked fourth and last. The study also showed, in light of the results, that there were no differences attributed to the study variables (educational level, years of experience). The researchers recommend that members of the Federation’s Board of Directors develop the necessary plans and strategies in order to develop comprehensive quality standards in the Jordanian Soccer Association, to emphasize the need to develop the performance level of employees and to transfer experience through seminars and courses, and to increase financial support for developing the infrastructure as it is in constant need of development
An Early Islamic Kufic Inscription Inside an Open Air Mosque in the Faynan Area, Southern Jordan: An Archaeological and Textual Analysis
The present study examines an Islamic mosque that dates back to the early Islamic periods and that is constructed in the style of open, unroofed desert mosques (Open Air). The mosque is located in the Faynan region of southern Jordan, and it features an Islamic inscription that consists of seven lines written in Kufic script. This inscription was engraved on a stone inside the mosque's mihrab. It bore part of the construction date, the first name of the mosque's builder or the writer of the inscription, and a request for mercy. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it provides a new addition to archaeological studies, especially the early Islamic period in the Faynan region; however, previous studies focused on ancient periods, they and did not sufficiently address the early Islamic period. This study addressed two main topics: the mosque and the inscription
The Impact of Greenwash on Green Brand Equity: The Mediating role of Green Brand Image, Green WOM and Green Satisfaction
This research investigates the mediating impact of green brand image (GBI), green WOM (GWOM), and green satisfaction (GS) on green brand equity (GBE). It also examines the effect of greenwash (GW) on GBE. The focus of this research is Jordanian customers who have made green product purchases. Based on the findings, greenwash (GW) has a detrimental impact on GBE. Moreover, this research found that GW has a negative relationship with GBI, GS and, GWOM. Additionally, GS is strongly positively impacted by GBI. Further, GWOM benefits from GS. Furthermore, green brandequity is significantly impacted by GBI, GS, and GWOM. Moreover, this research confirms that the negative association between GW and green brandequity is partially mediated by GBI, GS, and GWOM. To promote GBE, this research recommends companies reduce their GW practices while increasing their customers’ GS, GBI, and GWOM.
The Impact of Crisis Management Strategies on Employees’ Performance in the Industrial Companies Listed in Amman stock Exchange
The study aimed to identify the impact of crisis management strategies on the performance of employees in industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used based on the study tool (questionnaire) to collect data, which was developed after referring to previous studies. The study population consisted of all employees at administrative levels in industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, totaling (340) employees. The questionnaire was distributed to a facilitated random sample consisting of (220) employees from the study population. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, 27) was used. This shoes that there is a significant degree in the impact of crisis management strategies on employee performance in industrial companies, with a slight difference, as the work team strategy has a greater impact on employee performance, followed by the change-of-course strategy, followed by the crisis fragmentation strategy, followed by the crisis containment strategy. Among the most important recommendations of the study are: the necessity of leveraging the exchange of expertise among employees in crisis management, and the need to form sector-wide task forces to foster creative ideas among employees for addressing the crises facing Jordan's industrial sector.
Ibn Jinni's So-Called Contradictory Views
This study addressed some of Ibn Jinni’s linguistic opinions, which appeared contradictory and inconsistent. We find some researchers mentioning one of these opinions, citing it as an argument, thinking that it was Ibn Jinni’s only opinion on this issue. Then, another researcher comes and mentions another opinion, and one thinks that Ibn Jinni contradicted himself in these two opinions on the same issue.The study tackled these opinions according to laws that Ibn Jinni had established to address what appeared to be contradictory for scholars preceding. He explained the reasons for the difference between the two opinions and how to know the opinion adopted by that scholar in a chapter he called (On the Two Expressions with the Same Meaning that are Reported from the Scholar as Contradictory). The study handled Ibn Jinni's contradictory views through these laws and clarified which of the two views he favored. The study was limited to his views on general issues, such as the origin of languages, his position on Quranic readings, and his position on the grammatical factor, adopting an analytical, investigative approach. The study reached a set of results that can be summarized as follows. First, Ibn Jinni adopted different opinions on some issues and came with fatwas based on what he had in mind. Second, people may describe a scholar as contradictory based on certain foundations they rely on to judge between two opinions, but these foundations may not be correct, and they may imagine a contradiction, which in reality does not exist. Likewise, a scholar may attempt to develop his opinions and distance his opinions from those of his predecessors, and make an effort to innovate, but he remains in his teaching of his students and his writings on the approach of the prevailing schools of thought if he does not obtain sufficient conclusive evidence in his new field.
Analysis of the Relationship between Advertising and Profitability: A Case Study of the Jordanian Manufacturing Sector
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between advertising and profitability in the Jordanian manufacturing sector for the period (2011-2020), at the level of (22) sub-sectors, relying on the method of analyzing time series and cross-sectional data (Dynamic Panel data). The study employed several methodologies to confirm the credibility of the results, including Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To confirm the validity of the results, standard models that capture the relationship between advertising intensity and profitability were estimated using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) methodology, the Fixed Effects (FE) methodology, and the Random Effects (RE) methodology. The study found a reciprocal relationship between advertising and profitability in the Jordanian manufacturing sector, where the results showed that the direction of the effect was as follows: a significant and positive effect of advertising intensity on profitability, as well as a significant and positive effect of profitability on advertising. The results of the study also indicated that there is a significant and positive effect of concentration on advertising and profitability. Also of the important results that the study reached is that the effect of advertising on profitability is a function of concentration, which confirms that the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis applies to the Jordanian manufacturing sector.
The Degree of Including the Applications of Nano-Technology and Green Chemistry in Secondary School Chemistry, Earth Science and Environmental Sciences Textbooks
The study aimed to investigate the extent to which high school chemistry, earth science, and environmental sciences textbooks incorporate nano-technology and green chemistry applications. To achieve this, a descriptive analytical approach was used, and a content analysis checklist was developed, involving (68) indicators distributed across two domains: nanotechnology applications and green chemistry applications. The validity and reliability of the checklist were verified. The study sample included eight textbooks of chemistry plus earth and environmental sciences for the first and second high school grades. The results showed that the degree to which all textbooks addressed nanotechnology and green chemistry applications were moderate or below. In chemistry textbooks, the energy domain within nanotechnology applications and the environment and pollution prevention domains within green chemistry applications ranked first, with a moderate level of inclusion. In earth and environmental science textbooks, the energy domain within nanotechnology applications ranked first but with a low level of inclusion, while the environment and pollution prevention domains within green chemistry applications ranked first with a moderate level of inclusion. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in the extent to which chemistry plus earth and environmental science textbooks incorporated nanotechnology applications, in the favor of the earth and environmental science textbooks. Similarly, statistically significant differences were found in the inclusion of green chemistry applications, to the advantage of the chemistry textbooks.
Analyzing the Competitiveness of Jordanian Universities Using Porter's Diamond Model
The study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of Jordanian universities using a descriptive approach through Porter's Diamond model. The study presented a theoretical framework and reviewed previous studies that explored the experiences of several countries with the competitiveness of their universities. The study found that, despite the ability of Jordanian universities to employ diverse learning methods, the level of innovation and creativity remains modest. Additionally, the proportion of graduate students to total students is still low (8%), as is the percentage of foreign students (12%). The study also indicated that spending on research and development remains insufficient. It further highlighted that government support for public universities is still low, and these universities suffer from chronic budget deficits, leading to accumulated debts. These factors, collectively, hinder the enhancement of the competitiveness of Jordanian universities. Based on these findings, the study recommended increasing the allocation of government spending on scientific research, supporting research initiatives within universities and encouraging researchers to focus on applied research and publish in prestigious international journals. Moreover, the study emphasized the need for the government to increase its financial support for universities and the scientific research fund
The Role of the Financial and Administrative Control Bureau in Detecting Financial and Administrative Deviations in Local Authoritie
This study aimed to identify the role of the Financial and Administrative Control Bureau in detecting aspects of financial and administrative deviations in local authorities. The significance of the study lies in the importance of clarifying the efforts made through the supervisory role of the Financial and Administrative Control Bureau in revealing financial and administrative deviations in the local government sector. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study uses a descriptive, analytical approach by adopting the survey method in conducting 7 interviews with specialists, in addition to employing a purposeful sample by distributing 100 questionnaires to employees in local authorities, besides relying on content analysis. The study reached several results, the most prominent of which was that the role of the Financial and Administrative Control Bureau in detecting financial and administrative deviations in local authorities is insufficient. The study recommended the need of the Financial and Administrative Control Bureau to hold workshops in order to develop the capabilities of the employees of local authorities and to work to assist these employees, especially those in the internal control units, in detecting financial and administrative deviations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
The Cognitive Achievement in the Physiology of Physical Effort Among the Coaches of Football in Jordan in 2023
This study aimed at identifying the cognitive achievement among football coaches in Jordan, as well as identifying the differences in the cognitive achievement in the physiology of physical effort among football coaches in Jordan in relation to the study variables (training experience, educational qualification, age, coach’s rank, coach’s academic specialization, coach's training field, club's class). The study sample consisted of 104 coaches working in professional football clubs, and in the first, the second and third classes in Jordan. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to is compatibility to the study nature and its objectives, and an achievement test was used as a tool for data collection, where the test included (30) questions in the physiology of physical effort. The data were statistically analyzed using means, standard deviations, percentages, skew coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, (t-test) for independent groups and Scheffe test for statistically significant dimensions. The results showed that the level of the cognitive outcome in the physiology of physical exertion among football coaches in Jordan was low, and that the level of the cognitive outcome in the physiology of physical effort among football coaches in Jordan was not affected by the variables of training experience, age, coach degree, training field and club class, while it was affected by the educational qualification, but they all remained at a low level. In light of the results, the study recommended the necessity of urging football coaches to pay attention to the cognitive aspects in the physiology of physical effort, developing them, and taking them into account when training players and planning sports programs.