Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS)
Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS) (ISSN 1021-6804) ( On line ISSN: 3006-8665) Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS) is an international, interdisciplinary, bilingual, double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access academic journal. MJHSS is published regularly by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Mutah University. It publishes four issues per one volume every year, and each issue consists of 10 articles. It is supervised by an editorial board and an international advisory board that have specialized scholars in different fields of humanities and social sciences. MJHSS publishes original articles in Arabic and English that contribute to promoting knowledge in all disciplines of humanities and social sciences. All submitted manuscripts are subject to strict criteria that include technical editing and peer reviewing by two reviewers to assure research originality and validity. MJHSS has enjoyed a leading reputation locally and regionally over the past three decades. It has become an accredited journal for the purpose of promotion of researchers and academicians in all public and private universities, in Jordan in particular and in the Arab World in general. This explains the large number of submitted papers to the journal from various local and regional universities and institutions. To ensure the quality and orginality of the research published in the journal, MJHSS follows strict criteria and procedures that guarantee the quality and the integrity of the research accepted for publication.
Publisher Mutah University Deanship of Academic Research (DAR)
Cyber-Feminist Discourse Analysis of the Growing Role of AI-Based Online Consultancies in Shaping Opinions and Advice in Digital Spaces
This qualitative study attempted to examine a cyber-feminist analysis of the growing role of AI-based online consultancies in shaping opinions and advice in digital spaces among a group of Jordanian cyber-feminists on social media from an AI-powered solutions perspective. AI appears to affect feminist society in particular, disrupting all its layers, particularly for the most vulnerable groups. The sample of the study included 350 comments posted by Jordanian feminists, in addition to the prevalent comments on social media referring to AI as a consultancy platform, mainly on Facebook, under reports of domestic and family disputes, which were investigated as empirical material. This paper investigated blog content and comments related to AI. The goal was to analyse participants’ perceptions of social media antagonism and misandry, as well as the sensitivity of AI when adapted as a social consultant by feminists. The researcher used Cyborg Scraper as a research instrument for data collection. The study employed a textual analysis methodology based on AI feminists' commentaries, posts, videos, and texts using Kuckartz's (Kuckartz, 2019) framework and the hermeneutic method (Hermeneutic method, GT, and DA). The results indicate that a gender panopticon, particularly targeting males, exists on AI-powered platforms and mass media. In fact, these platforms exerts a considerable influence. AI-based consultancy references neglected male vulnerability when vilonece occurred. The AI platform adopted a subjective system, neglecting the social responsibility that corporations should assume. Feminist followers supported this approach, whereas males strongly disapproved of it. Although cyber-feminism has emerged in Jordanian social media, it remains constrained by masculine cultural practices
Copyright (c) 2026 مؤتة للبحوث والدراسات - سلسلة العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية
The Relationship between the Six-Factor Model of Personality and Psychological Flourishing Among Youth Affiliated with Political Parties in Jordan
This study aimed to identify the levels of the HEXACO personality traits and psychological flourishing among youth affiliated with political parties in Jordan, as well as the relationship between them. The study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted on a sample of (200) young men and women affiliated with political parties in Jordan. Two instruments were used: the HEXACO Personality Inventory and the Psychological Flourishing Scale, after establishing their validity and reliability using appropriate scientific procedures. The results revealed that the levels of all HEXACO personality traits and psychological flourishing were moderate. Furthermore, the findings indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between the HEXACO personality traits and psychological flourishing, with the exception of the Emotionality trait, which demonstrated a negative correlation. The study concluded with several recommendations, most notably the need to adopt specialized psychological support programs aimed at enhancing personality traits and psychological flourishing among youth affiliated with political parties in Jordan. It also recommended training young people in psychological resilience skills to help them cope with field challenges and psychological, political, and social pressures, with the aim of reducing frustration and disappointment and preventing withdrawal from political parties.
Perfectionism and Its Relationship with Withdrawal Behavior Among Gifted Students at Mutah University
The study aimed to identify the level of perfectionism and its relationship with withdrawal behavior among gifted students at Mutah University. It further investigated the relationship between these two variables using a sample of 180 male and female gifted students selected through the simple random sampling method. To achieve the study's objectives, two scales were developed: a perfectionism scale and a withdrawal behavior scale, both of which demonstrated appropriate validity and reliability. The results indicated that the level of perfectionism was high, while the level of withdrawal behavior was moderate. Furthermore, the findings revealed a positive correlation between perfectionism and withdrawal behavior. Based on these findings, several recommendations were proposed, including the necessity of conducting counseling workshops to help reduce withdrawal behavior among gifted students at Mutah University
The Satisfaction Level of Upper Basic Stage Teachers with the Quality of Educational Services Provided by the Smart Assistant "Siraj" and the Obstacles to Its Use in Karak Governorate
This study aimed to determine the level of satisfaction among upper basic stage teachers with the quality of educational services provided by the smart assistant "Siraj" and to identify the obstacles to its use in Karak Governorate. It also sought to investigate whether there were differences in teachers’ satisfaction levels attributable to gender, level of use of “Siraj”, and the interaction between these variables. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and was conducted on a sample of 120 male and female teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire to measure teachers’ satisfaction with the quality of educational services provided by the smart assistant "Siraj's" and the obstacles to its use. The validity and reliability of the instrument were established. were perceived at a moderate level. The findings revealed that the level of satisfaction among upper basic stage teachers with the quality of educational services provided by the smart assistant “Siraj” was high, whereas the obstacles to its use were perceived at a moderate level. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in teachers’ satisfaction levels attributable to gender or to the interaction between gender and level of use. However, statistically significant differences were found in teachers’ satisfaction levels attributable to the level of use of the smart assistant “Siraj,” with an effect size of 14%. These differences favored teachers with high and moderate levels of use over those with low levels of use. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended providing training and incentives for teachers to enhance their use of the smart assistant "Siraj" in order to improve the educational process, as well as adopting a clear strategy that requires teachers to integrate "Siraj" into their instructional practices
The Personal and Social Competencies of Kuwaiti Police Officers and Its Relationship to Public Trust in the Police Institution
This study aimed to analyze the personal and social competencies of police officers in the State of Kuwait and to examine their impact on the level of public trust from the perspective of community members. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach through the administration of an electronic questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose. The questionnaire was distributed to a field sample of 850 respondents representing diverse demographic groups. The instrument consisted of 32 items distributed across six main dimensions reflecting personal and social competencies and public trust. Responses were measured using a five-point Likert scale. The results revealed clear variation in public evaluations of certain competencies. Relatively positive perceptions emerged regarding general trust and feelings of safety, whereas lower evaluations were reported for skills related to accepting criticism, emotional stability, and certain aspects of communication and persuasion. The findings also indicated statistically significant differences based on gender and nationality. The study recommends the development of specialized training programs aimed at enhancing police officers’ personal and social competencies, thereby contributing to higher levels of public trust.
The Impact of Cyber Risks on Audit Fees: The Moderating Role NIST CSF
This study aimed to analyze the impact of cyber risks on audit fees and to identify the moderating role of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) in this relationship. To achieve its objectives, the study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. The study population consisted of practicing certified public accountants in Jordan, totaling 688 auditors. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose, and 280 electronic questionnaires were distributed to the sample members. After data collection, 240 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis, while 40 were excluded either due to non-response or invalid data. The findings revealed that the NIST CSF plays a statistically significant moderating role in the relationship between cyber risks and audit fees. The sub-hypotheses confirmed a significant effect of the framework in mitigating the relationship between cyber risks and certain dimensions of audit fees. Specifically, the framework work was found to reduce the impact of cyber risks on audit efforts, task complexity, audit scope and overall audit-related risks. However, regarding the effect of the framework on the relationship between cyber risks and the use of specialized experts, the results showed no significant effect. In the light of these findings, the study recommended encouraging organizations to adopt and implement the NIST CSF as part of their governance and risk management processes, given its effective role in enhancing responsiveness to cybersecurity threats and reducing their implications for audit tasks.
The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Maximal Effort Levels, Time to Exhaustion, Recovery Time, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Sample of Physically Active Healthy Adults
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on maximal effort levels, time to exhaustion, recovery time, and the rating of perceived exertion in a sample of physically active, healthy adults. To achieve this, 22 physically active adult males participated in the study, with a mean age of (20.08 ± 1.62) years, height of (175.83 ± 6.93) cm, and weight of (72.67 ± 7.55) kg. Participants performed a graded maximal exercise test, followed by the application of the study protocol at an intensity of 75% of maximal resistance on a stationary cycle ergometer until voluntary exhaustion. Heart rate was recorded every minute throughout the experiment. The rating of perceived exertion was also measured every minute for the legs, chest, and the body as a whole. Recovery time was assessed by monitoring heart rate after the completion of both tests until it returned to resting levels. The results of the paired sample t-test using mixed linear models showed no statistically significant differences in maximal effort levels (power output in watts during the graded maximal exercise test) or in the rate of increase in the rating of perceived exertion for the legs during Ramadan fasting compared to after Ramadan. However, the results revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in favor of the non-fasting condition (after Ramadan) in heart rate and recovery time. In the constant relative intensity test (75% of maximal resistance) until exhaustion, the results also showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) in the rate of increase in the rating of perceived exertion for the legs, chest, and the whole body over the duration of exercise, with faster increases observed during Ramadan fasting. Additionally, significant differences were found in heart rate and recovery time, both of which were lower in the non-fasting condition. Significant differences were also observed in time to exhaustion, which was longer in the non-fasting condition. The study concluded that fasting is closely associated with increased physiological and perceptual load during prolonged physical exertion. The researcher recommended scheduling training sessions after breaking the fast (Iftar) to allow for adequate replenishment of fluids and electrolytes.
The role of digital media platforms in shaping public opinion among Jordanian university students
This study aimed to explore the role of digital media platforms in shaping public opinion among Jordanian university students by integrating the agenda-setting and uses-and-gratifications frameworks with contemporary concepts such as algorithm awareness and trust in news. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a cross-sectional design. A stratified random sample of 420 male and female students were selected from various academic disciplines and study levels. A questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was developed to measure usage intensity, algorithm awareness, trust in news content, exposure to misinformation, and issue salience, in addition to indicators of behavioral and attitudinal outcomes. The results revealed a high level of digital engagement among Jordanian university students. Usage intensity emerged as the highest-rated indicator, followed by issue salience, whereas algorithm awareness and trust in news were found to be at a moderate level. Correlation analyses indicated a strong positive relationship between issue salience and public opinion formation, followed by usage intensity. In contrast, exposure to misinformation demonstrated a statistically significant negative relationship with public opinion formation. The regression model further showed that all independent variables made significant contributions to explaining public opinion formation, accounting for approximately 61% of the variance. These findings underscore the central role of digital platforms in shaping the attitudes and orientations of university students and highlight the need to promote digital media literacy, enhance awareness of algorithmic recommendation mechanisms, and foster a culture of fact-checking to reduce the impact of misinformation.
Age-specific fertility trends and the reproductive behavioral landscape of Saudi women An analytical sociological study during the period (2019-2023)
This research aimed to describe and analyze age-specific fertility trends among Saudi women during the years 2019-2022 and the reality of reproductive behavior among Saudi women in 2023. The research adopted a historical/documentary-analytical approach to the data published by the General Authority for Statistics on estimates of fertility rates for Saudi women, categorized by age groups (5-year intervals) during the period 2019-2022, and data on Saudi women from the 2023 Women's Health and Reproductive Care Survey. This survey was conducted on a sample of 51,720 women of reproductive age from all regions of the Kingdom. Data were collected in two stages: telephone interviews and electronic questionnaires. The research revealed several findings, including a decline in age-specific fertility rates during the period from 2019 to 2022 for the age groups 15-19, 20-24, and 25-29, while for the age groups 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, and 45-49, fertility rates declined from 2019 to 2021 and then increased in 2022. As for the reproductive behavior of Saudi women, the majority of the sample indicated that the decision to have children is made jointly with the husband. The overall average number of births for the survey sample was found to be 3.3. The age group from 30-34 and above through the end of the reproductive stage constituted the highest percentage of women in the sample who had children. The research concluded by providing possible sociological explanations based on the available data and, in light of the findings, offered research recommendations as a starting point for further field studies on the same topic.
Yemeni Journalists' Attitudes Towards the Use of Robot Journalism in journalistic work and its expected challenges
This study aims to identify Yemeni journalists' attitudes toward the use of robot journalism in journalistic work and its expected challenges. The study is descriptive in nature and employed the survey method, using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The sample consisted of 128 individuals. The results showed that the majority of respondents disagreed with referring to robot journalism as "journalism," indicating that most Yemeni journalists reject the concept and do not consider it a form of journalistic work. The findings also revealed the reasons cited by respondent journalists for rejecting the use of the term journalism in reference to robot journalism. Specifically, 39.8% of respondents believe that those engage in it are not journalists, while 32% believe that it is mechanized and lacks humanization. The findings regarding the professional dimensions of robot journalism demonstrated a high level of agreement among respondents. The statement "It relies primarily on readily available databases" ranked first, followed by the statement "Robot journalism is not capable of producing in-depth investigative journalism." In contrast, the statement "It demonstrates accuracy and objectivity in producing certain news reports and extracting facts" received a moderate level of agreement.
Assessing the Accuracy of Outcome-Based Assessment Decisions Using the Two-Parameter IRT Model (2PL): An Applied Framework for Concentrating Test Information at Critical Cut Scores
This study aimed to examine the precision of assessment decisions in an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) context by calibrating a 40-item True/False test designed to measure five specific learning outcomes using the 2PL-IRT model. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a census sample of 275 students at a private university in Jordan. The selection of the 2PL model was intended to ensure stable parameter estimation given the sample size, with a focus on the parameters of discrimination (a) and difficulty (b). The results indicated that the items had discrimination indices ranging from 1.18 to 2.10 and difficulty parameters from -1.10 to 1.60, reflecting their effectiveness in differentiating students with varying ability levels. However, the TIF function revealed that maximum measurement precision was centered at the average ability level (θ ≈ 0), rather than at the cut score required in OBE contexts. Fit analyses showed that most items conformed to the model assumptions, although items q10, q20, and q24 displayed significant p-value deviations. The study concludes that traditional tests, despite possessing sound psychometric properties, may functionally fail to support critical “mastery” decisions and therefore recommends redesigning the item difficulty distribution to align with decision thresholds rather than with the mean ability level
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS)
Yemen under the Shadow of the Caliphate: Pro-Ottoman Historical Writing - Narratives of Power and Identity
This paper examines pro-Ottoman historical writing in Yemen during the 16th and 17th centuries. It analyzes key texts-such as al-Barq al-Yamānī by al-Nahrawālī, al-Futūḥāt al-Murādiyya by Ibn Dāʿir, and al-Iḥsān by al-Mawzaʿī-that portray the Ottoman Empire as a legitimate Islamic power and the Zaydi imams as rebels. These works function not only as chronicles, but also as ideological instruments that sought to reinforce Ottoman political legitimacy in the region. The study highlights the ways in which historical narratives were shaped by religious and political competition. It also finds that some texts, while overwhelmingly supportive, contain subtle critiques of the administration of the Ottoman state and the practices of some of its local governors. The study calls for a critical reading of these sources in order to understand their role in shaping historical memory and political authority in Ottoman Yemen
Wearing Trousers for Women: between the requirement of modesty during prayer and the Regulations Governing Appearance before Non-Mahram Men: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study
The research aims to clarify the ruling on a woman praying in pants and appearing in them before non-mahram men. Its importance lies in addressing an issue that generates much debate in society, ranging from those who are excessively strict to the point of declaring the prayer of a woman in pants invalid, and condemning all who wear pants as immoral, to those who permit the matter entirely without any restrictions; as well as those who misinterpret the statements of jurists and apply them to reality. To move away from these extremes, the ruling on the issue has been clarified through a foundational jurisprudential study based on the understanding of respected jurists, away from purely admonitory discourse. This research has shown that a woman's prayer in pants is valid, even if it restricts the 'awrah according to the consensus of the jurists of the schools of thought, provided that the skin does not show through it. Furthermore, a woman appearing in pants before non-mahram men is considered haram by the Hanafi and Maliki schools if it restricts the 'awrah in a way that leads to temptation, as they are akin to naked women; and it is deemed makruh by the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, emphasizing modesty in its linguistic sense and prioritizing the literal meaning over the metaphorical. It is understood from the hadith about "dressed yet naked" that it refers to those whose skin color or parts of it show, not those whose 'awrah is outlined; and there is no necessary connection between the differences in the 'awrah and its limits in prayer and outside of prayer and the covering. Likewise, there is no necessary connection between the covering that restricts the 'awrah and the gaze of foreign men upon it. It is prohibited for a non-mahram, and even for a mahram, to look at her if the gaze arouses lust. This is different from when skin color appears, which is prohibited for the woman in all cases, even if there is no one looking at her. Despite this disagreement, the view of those who declare it haram aligns with the objectives of Sharia due to the corruption of the times
An Assessment of the Process of Digital Transformation in the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation through the Over-the-Top (OTT) Digital Platform Project: A Field Study
This study aims to assess the experience of the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation in implementing the Over-the-Top (OTT) Digital Platform project. It focuses on the views of the staff involved in the project regarding the stages of implementation, training, the efficiency of the digital systems used, the work environment, the challenges encountered, and the level of coordination among departments. The study also evaluates the impact of the project on the development of the professional performance and examines the role of the partnership with Jordan Media City in strengthening the technical and organizational infrastructure. This study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data using an online questionnaire based on a five-point Likert Scale, in addition to semi-structured interviews. Data were collected during the period extending from May to August 2025. There were 27 participants, all of whom worked in the relevant sections; 70.4% were male and 29.6% were female. Moreover, (70.4%) of the sample held bachelor's degrees, and (66.7%) of them worked in the e-platform/digital and digital media (social media) section. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all areas exceeded 0.70, which indicates the validity and reliability of the measure used. The data obtained from the semi-structured interviews data was also analyzed using thematic analysis. The research findings indicated that the majority of participants expressed a positive evaluation of the digital platform project. Between 59.3% and 74.1% reported that the project was implemented in a clear and organized manner. Regarding technical support and training, between 63% and 77.8% reported receiving appropriate training that helped them perform their tasks, while 66.6% indicated a need for additional training on systems such as V-Mix and ER-Stream. Furthermore, 77.8% of participants reported that the use of digital systems such as CMS, VMS, and Catch-up helped organize work. The study concluded that the digital platform project at the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation was a successful and positive experience in terms of software and digital systems, the organization of the work environment, and the development of employees' technical and professional skills. However, significant challenges remain at both the technical and manpower levels. This necessitates the adoption of a comprehensive digital strategy to ensure the sustainability of the platform and to further develop services such as VOD, Smart TV, and Fast TV. Such efforts will help preserve Jordan's media heritage and enhance the corporation's presence in digital media.
The impact of Digital transformation on the Efficiency of Islamic Banks: The Moderating Role of Sharia quality in Jordanian Islamic Banks
This study aimed to analyze the impact of digital transformation in its various dimensions (digital strategy, technologies, digital customer loyalty, culture and organization, operations and services) on the performance efficiency of Jordanian Islamic banks, represented by dimensions (banking marketing efficiency, risk management efficiency, financial engineering efficiency), while testing the role of Sharia quality as a moderating variable in this relationship. The study was applied to a sample of 354 employees working in three Islamic banks: Jordan Islamic Bank, Arab Islamic International Bank, and Safwa Bank. The study used a descriptive analytical approach, and data was collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed a statistically significant impact of digital transformation in all its dimensions on the performance efficiency of Islamic banks. The interactive relationship also revealed the impact of Sharia quality as a moderating variable in some dimensions, using Bootstrap technology and structural equation modeling. The study recommended establishing a joint unit between financial innovation and Sharia compliance to develop flexible digital products that serve underserved groups, especially young people and entrepreneurs, while ensuring their Sharia compliance
Attitudes of Karak Education Directorate Teachers Towards the Use of Educational Electronic Games in Teaching
The aim of the research was to investigate the attitudes of teachers in the Karak Education Directorate towards the usage of electronic educational games in teaching in light of some variables. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method; a stratified random sample from the study population was selected, consisting of 255 male and female teachers. A 30-item scale was developed, and its psychometric properties were verified. The results showed that the general arithmetic mean of the study sample's estimates regarding teachers' attitudes toward the use of electronic games in teaching) 3.73(with a standard deviation of (0.489) indicating a high level of estimation. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) in the attitudes of Karak teachers towards the use of electronic educational games in teaching, attributed to variables: gender, specialization, and teaching experience, and their interactions. The research concluded that teachers' attitudes towards using electronic games in teaching are positive and high. The researcher recommended Enhancing the the necessity of providing the required technological infrastructure in classes Karak Governorate schools. This includes implementing standardized training programs for all teachers on designing and using educational e-games to transform this into a skill and a practical application
The Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment: A Comparative Applied Study on a Selected Sample of Arab Countries
This study aims to analyze the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment inflows in a sample of ten Arab countries over the period (2013–2021), considering differences across income levels. Panel data techniques were employed, and three econometric models were estimated: the first for all countries, the second for high-income countries, and the third for middle-income countries. The results revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between corruption and indirect foreign investment across all models, supporting the "Sand-the-Wheel" hypothesis. The findings also showed that the impact of corruption was greater in high-income countries than in middle-income countries. The study highlights the importance of enhancing transparency and improving the investment climate in Arab countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutah Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (MJHSS)
"Technological Determinants of Jordanian Public Universities’ Intention to Adopt E-Government: The Moderating Role of Awareness
E-government is given a lot of weight in the evolution of global information and governance systems. Notwithstanding Jordan’s persistent efforts to promote better public services through the use of e-government, the country’s citizen adoption rate is actually quite low. This emphasizes how critical it is to determine the obstacles keeping people from adopting these easily accessible e-services. The current study examines the relationship between technology factors (relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity) and intention to use e-government. Furthermore, the moderating effect of awareness is also examined. Data were collected from ten public universities in Jordan through a survey questionnaire, which was distributed to 400 lecturers and administrative staff using a stratified random sampling technique. A total of 379 valid responses were received, representing a response rate of approximately 94%. The Smart PLS tool was used to analyse the data. The results revealed that relative advantage and compatibility are strongly associated with intention to use e-government. Similarly, only one of the three indirect effect hypotheses was supported, indicating that awareness moderates the relationship between relative advantage, compatibility, and intention to use e-government. Accordingly, Jordanian public universities should invest in improving their technical infrastructure and maintaining robust cybersecurity to ensure safe and dependable e-government systems. Additionally, implementing targeted training and awareness campaigns will enhance digital literacy, encourage active user engagement, and reduce resistance to change
Between Sovereignty and Resistance: Administrative, Economic, and Educational Conditions in Al-Karak and Maʿan in 1880, with Ottoman Documents as the primary source
The Ottoman archive is a primary resource for the study of the Ottoman administration in the provinces of the empire, particularly in the regions of Al-Karak and Ma'an during the late nineteenth century. The significance of the Ottoman documents lies in their ability to provide detailed insights into the financial, administrative, and security policies adopted by the state, particularly in light of the challenges it confronted in asserting its authority over local tribes. The document under examination, dated to 1880, represents a valuable example for understanding the complex relationship between the Ottoman center and its provincial territories. The study discloses the ineffectiveness of specific reform policies in fostering stability and elucidates the security, economic, and social conditions prevalent in the Karak region. Furthermore, it emphasizes the strategic importance of Al-Karak's geographical location, highlighting its military, commercial, and administrative functions. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the political and administrative transformations in Al-Karak from its incorporation into the Ottoman Empire until the late period of Ottoman rule, emphasizing the continuous changes in its administrative affiliation within the Ottoman administrative structure.
A Proposed Educational Vision for Circassian Institutions in Jordan to Preserve Circassian Culture
The study aimed to propose an educational vision for Circassian institutions in Jordan with the goal of preserving Circassian culture. This vision was achieved by examining the role of Circassian institutions in preserving Circassian culture from the perspective of those in charge of these institutions. The study used a qualitative approach. Data of the study were collected through interviews with twenty-one individuals in charge of Circassian institutions in Jordan. The study period spanned the years of 2024-2025. The study revealed a set of interrelated issues leading to the preservation of Circassian culture, including preserving the Circassian language as an identity and heritage, transmitting and documenting Circassian customs and traditions to future generations, highlighting Circassian dress as a part of cultural identity, preserving Circassian music and dance, strengthening a sense of belonging to Circassian identity within Jordanian society, the future of Circassian culture and its influence on Jordanian culture, and preserving Circassian culture for future generations. In light of the study's findings, a proposed educational vision ws advanced to be presented to Circassian institutions in Jordan to help preserve Circassian culture. It is hoped that this proposal will be adopted and implemented.
The Role of Community Policing Communication Programs in Strengthening Social Bonds in Kuwait
This study investigates the role of community policing programs in strengthening social cohesion within the State of Kuwait by assessing their impact across four principal domains: building trust between the police and the community, promoting cooperation, fostering national and social belonging, and facilitating the amicable resolution of conflicts. The research sample comprised 403 participants, including Kuwaiti citizens and residents, representing diverse age groups and educational backgrounds. Data were collected through a meticulously designed electronic questionnaire developed in accordance with relevant theoretical frameworks and prior studies. The findings revealed high mean scores across all examined domains, with “enhancing belonging” ranking first, followed by “building trust,” “promoting cooperation,” and “conflict resolution.,” respectively. The analysis further identified awareness programs, community meetings, and open channels of communication as the most influential components in reinforcing social cohesion. The results underscored the pivotal interactive role of community policing in engaging citizens in the maintenance of public security and in cultivating a collective sense of safety and belonging. The study concludes by recommending the expansion of public awareness programs, the training of police personnel in community-based mediation, and the incorporation of community policing principles into national educational curricula.
Forms Forms of Digital Violence Resulting from Sports Fans’ Misuse of Social Media Platforms and their Negative Impacts
The study aimed to identify the most prevalent forms of digital violence practiced by fans and followers of sports teams on social media, their contribution to the escalation of violence, and the resulting consequences. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical approach using an electronic survey method to achieve its objectives and analyze the repercussions from the perspective of club presidents and members in the central and the southern regions of Jordan. This methodology was chosen due to its suitability for the nature and objectives of the study, as it allows for an accurate analysis of the phenomenon based on field data collected from the targeted sample. The study found that there are various forms of violence resulting from the use of social media by sports fans and followers. It was revealed that the most common form is verbal violence, followed by psychological violence, while physical violence was the least prevalent. The overall level of the resulting consequences was high, reflecting an awareness of the seriousness of violent behaviors, their various forms, and their diverse impacts. It was concluded that certain behaviors on social media lead to various forms of violence due to misuse, resulting in negative effects on individuals, which may escalate into conflicts and disputes
The Impact of Open Innovation on Firm Performance in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Mediating Role of Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Capabilities
This study aims to ascertain whether implementing open innovation as a crucial source of competitive advantage positively influences performance. Additionally, it seeks to verify whether companies’ utilization of big data analytics and artificial intelligence technologies positively moderates the relationship between open innovation and performance. This study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from a random final valid sample of 294 Jordanian companies operating in diverse industries. A simple and hierarchical regression was applied to verify the proposed hypotheses utilizing the SPSS V. 28 statistical program. The analysis suggests that open innovation execution positively impacts performance among sampled companies. Among the various technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, big data analysis does not have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the two variables. In contrast, the utilization of artificial intelligence technology has a positive moderating effect on this relationship. In other words, companies investing effort and resources into open innovation may not see performance improvements when simultaneously implementing big data analytics. Conversely, the simultaneous implementation of artificial intelligence technology alongside open innovation may lead to higher performance outcomes. These findings offer insights into the importance of strategic decisions regarding technology adoption for enhancing performance in the context of open innovation.
The Impact of Using the Strategies of Command Teaching and Cooperative Learning on Improving the Technical Performance of the Human Wheel and Forward Roll Skills from an Open Position in Gymnastics
This study aimed to identify the impact of using both the command teaching and cooperative learning strategies on improving the skills of Human Wheel and Forward Roll from an open position in gymnastics. The researcher adopted an empirical approach, and the study sample, which was selected intentionally, invoved (20) female students in the Faculty of Sports Science at Mutah university that enrolled in the course of Gymnastics (2) during the first semester of the academic year 2024/2025. The sample individuals were divided into two groups: the first experimental group (n=10), whose members were taught using the command teaching strategy, and the second experimental groups (n=10), whose members were taught using the cooperative learning strategy. The researcher used means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, skewness coefficient, and t-test. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests in the command teaching strategy and cooperative learning strategy in improving the skills of Human Wheel and Forward Roll from an open position in gymnastics in favor of post-tests. The results showed that there are differences in the post tests between the command teaching and cooperative learning strategies to the advantage of the command teaching strategy regarding improving the skills of Human Wheel and Forward Roll from an open position in gymnastics. In the light of the results, the researcher recommended enhancing the use of command teaching strategy as one of the effective teaching strategies for gymnastics. The researcher also recommended training and improving practical subjects for teachers and students on the use of different strategies in the learning process.
Community Youth Programs: A Strategy for Crime Prevention and Social Stability from the Perspective of Ministry of Youth Centers’ Employees
This study examines the role of localized youth initiatives in mitigating youth-related crimes and enhancing social stability within Al-Karak Governorate, Jordan- a context that remains underexplored in crime prevention literature. Employing a cross-sectional analytical design, we surveyed 99 Ministry of Youth employees via stratified random sampling to assess two dimensions: (1) the localization of initiatives (13 items; Cronbach’s α = 0.887) and (2) their perceived crime reduction impact (15 items; Cronbach’s α = 0.851), using five-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed via independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. Results indicated a strong agreement with both localization (M = 3.807, SD = 0.672) and crime reduction efficacy (M = 3.985, SD = 0.563). Significant disparities emerged by experience (F(3,95) = 3.549, p = 0.017, η² = 0.10) and education (F (3,95) = 3.675, p = 0.015, η² = 0.11), with regression models identifying experience (β = 0.32, p = 0.01) and bachelor’s level of education (β = 0.28, p = 0.03) as key predictors of perceived success. Gender and marital status showed no significant effects (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the value of demographically informed strategies in designing youth programs for crime prevention. However, self-reporting bias and the cross-sectional design limit causal inferences. Future research should employ longitudinal mixed-methods designs to isolate structural drivers of program efficacy and validate perceived impacts against empirical crime trends.
The Spatial Variation and Determinants of Age at First Marriage among Females in Riyadh City
The study aimed to identify the pattern of age at first marriage in Riyadh City, and to analyze its spatial variation along with its demographic, social, and economic determinants. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (496) married women. The data were analyzed using various statistical methods, including one-way ANOVA and T-tests. The study yielded several findings, most notably the high percentage of marriages occurring among females aged 18 to less than 25 years. The results further revealed that place of birth, family structure, education level, monthly income, and employment status had statistically significant effects on determining age at first marriage. Specifically, females from nuclear families and those with higher education tended to marry at later ages, whereas females with lower income levels were more likely to marry at younger ages. The results led to several recommendations, including conducting further research on changes in age at first marriage, particularly in light of the social and economic changes occurring in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, especially in Riyadh. Additionally, it recommends carrying out specialized surveys on the determinants of female age at first marriage in Saudi Arabia and examining their effects on social, economic, and health characteristics.
The Impact of Virtual Reality (VR) on Improving Customer Experience: A Case Study of the Religious Tourism Sector
This study aims to examine the impact of virtual reality (VR) technologies on enhancing customer experience in the religious tourism sector, though focusing on three main dimensions: the realism of the virtual environment, immersion in the virtual environment, and the sense of presence. The descriptive analytical approach was employed to collect and analyze data from a sample of 241 Generation Z individuals who are interested in religious tourism and have an experience using VR technologies. A questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used to measure the influence of VR on customer experience. The results showed that the three dimensions significantly contribute to improving the customer experience. Realism had the greatest impact on increasing customer engagement with religious sites, while immersion enhanced the emotional depth of the experience. The sense of presence played a vital role in creating a realistic feeling of being at the actual location. Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting the use of VR technologies in religious tourism and investing in their development, as well as offering training programs for professionals to improve service quality and increase visitor satisfaction and loyalty
Sufi Allusion Directions in Modern Arabic Poetry: An Interpretive Reading of Indicative Models
Objectives: This study aims to identify the directions of Sufi allusion in modern Arabic Poetry through uncovering its meanings, interpreting it, and elucidating its textual references; and it sheds light on eleven poets from both the Eastern and Western Arab worlds who have skillfully adopted these elements. Methods: The study employs semiotics of interpretation as a guiding method, which is suitable for addressing the suggestive nature of Sufi allusion and the unique figurative capacity of poetic texts to trace, interpret, and articulate the directions of these allusions. Results: The study concludes that the Sufi allusion, in its lexical and semantic structure, is broader and more precise than both of the Sufi symbol and terminology, encompassing them within itself. The allusion operates across four directions: it retains its mystical dimension in the first, adopts a political and social orientation in the second, explores existential themes with an erotic tone in the third, and takes on cultural and artistic aspects in the fourth. Conclusions: The study recommends that researchers should focus on examining the Sufi allusion through the lens of interpretive semiotics, leveraging its methodology to strengthen the connection between modern literature and Arab heritage, together with contemporary reading approaches.
The Determinants of Competitiveness of the Jordanian Banking Sector
This study aimed to analyze the determinants of competitiveness in Jordan’s banking sector and assess the impact of each force on domestic banking performance through enhancing Porter’s Five Forces model through the addition of a sixth force—the role of the Central Bank. Employing both descriptive and analytical methods, the study found that the traditional five forces do not present a significant threat to Jordanian banks, which have maintained their market share despite the entry of foreign competitors, largely due to customer loyalty and advanced banking services. The Central Bank was shown to play a supportive role in promoting competitiveness, justifying its inclusion as a critical additional force in the analytical model. The findings revealed a notable decline in banking concentration between 2008 and 2021, indicating a more competitive market environment. This improvement was reflected in Jordan’s rise in the 2024 Global Competitiveness Index. The study recommends implementing policies to reduce operational costs, reform banking regulations, enforce anti-trust laws, encourage innovation, and enhance banking service quality to boost competitiveness and attract foreign investment.
A Pilot Study into the Periphery Somatic perceptions of Literary Translation: Phenomenological Insights from Cognitive Translatology
Norman N. Holland's seminal work Literature and the Brain (2009) delves into how our cognitive processes influence our understanding of literature. Expanding upon this inquiry, this research explores the somatic perceptions of literary translators and their impact on the translation process and resultant text. Grounded in translation process research (henceforth TPR), we interviewed six literary translators from Jordan and analysed their responses thematically. The findings illuminate the significant role of translators' emotional and intuitive emotions in shaping thematic and narrative decisions, yielding a nuanced and subjective target text. Acknowledging the significance of somatic perceptions highlights the personalised nature of literary translation. This study contributes to TPR by advocating for a balanced consideration of individuality alongside the pursuit of generalizability. It also advocates for a contextualised approach in Translation Studies, emphasising the importance of situational realities. In the realm of TPR, our study aligns with cognitive translatology (another branch of TPR alongside computational translatology), emphasising the human element in translation over computational approaches.