Alsarayreh س. س. ., and Btoush ب. ع. . “Arnold Toynbee and His Theory Challenge and Response in Interpreting History”. مؤتة للدراسات الانسانية والاجتماعية, vol. 38, no. 5, Oct. 2023, doi:10.35682/mjhss.v38i5.782.